Fig-iy



Feb. 27, 1962 F. J. HOOVEN E'TAL Re- 25,128 PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPECOMPOSITION 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 briginal Filed Sept. 17, 1953 CHARACTERSECTOR F l G -3 ATTORNEYS 8 RN N m W m OR V N H 0 V K D C Q.- mM m m m RY. 8% R E m 2 w w 5 P P ..\2 M M A A Feb. 27, 1962 HOOVEN- ETAL 7 Re.25,128

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSITION Original Filed Sept. 1'7, 1953 7Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG-6 68 66 14 e4 65 I- I Q65 f 62 61 Q5 10 BC D E F so11 mmvroxs I3 67 FREDERICK J. nooveu a BY RICHARD c. O'BRIEN Maui/94ATTORNEYS Feb. 2 7, 196; F. J. HOOVEN ETAL 1 PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPECOMPOSITION Original Filed Sept. 17, 1953 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 1??? W RD spcz' MEMORY F|G 8 PULSE GENERATOR START STOP 102 o o r I "POINT I 1 SETCONTROL m2 I ;I 1201, I 120a I I 120d 60 I I I I202 61 1 Jr 104 120? 1117 120g l 1 125A 1 LINE 63 I LENGTH I coumo; 64

INVENTORS By RICHARD c. O'BRIEN FREDERICK J. HOOVEN 8 ATTORNEYS Feb. 27,1962 F. J. HOOVEN ETAL 25,123

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSITION Original Filed Sept. 17, 1953 7Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG-H ma N S, m H m m E N 0 0 0 H mm A R A mm RR Y B 0 46 O 2 w 2 Feb. 27, 1962 J, HOQVEN ETAL Re; 25,128

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSITION Original Filed Sept. l'T, 1955 '7Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG-12 4 2 21 3222 THIS IS A SAMPLE OF THE WORK OF P:zzgz: I 1 9 81 Fl G 43 INVENTORS FREDERICK J. HOOVEN a Y RICHARD c.O'BRIEN ATTORNEYS Feb. 27,1962 F. J. HOOVEN ETAL 25,123

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSITION I Original Filed Sept. 1'7, 1953 '7Sheets-Sheet '7 302, H6 17 l STOP RESET WORD START PULSE SPACE POUNTER vGEfTATOR SPACE JUSTIFYING RESET um'r SEQUENCE COUNTER coN TRQL 520 FLASHF l G 1 9 DI FFERENQTAL INVENTORS FREDERICK J. HOOVEN 8s RICHARD c.O'BRIEN Re. 25,128 Reissued Feb. 27, 1962 United States atent fifice25,128 PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSITION Frederick J. Hooven, BloomfieldHills, Mich, and

Richard C. OBrien, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assrgnors to'Harris-Intertype Corporation, a corporation of Delaware 1 7 OriginalNo. 2,846,932, dated Aug. '12, 195S,"Ser. Np.

380,802, Sept. 17, 1953. Application for reissue Fen.

.17, 1960, Ser. No. 9,408

. 25 Claims. (Cl. 95-4.5)

Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in the original patent butforms no part of this reissue specification; matter printed in italicsindicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to photographic type composition and moreparticularly to a system for producing a photographic record of selectedcomposition on a film.

It is a principal object of the invention to provide a device .forproducing a photographic record of composition material by means of asystem which is relatively simple in construction, reliable and rapid inoperation, and which has a wide range of flexibility as to selection ofsize and form of type.

It is also an object to provide a system in which the selection of theline of composition may be made on a keyboard such as an ordinarytypewriter keyboard, and in which the line is initially produced in theform of a tape or record strip in which the words are uniformly spacedand with the strip carrying significant control data for efiectingjustification.

"It is a further object to provide a photocomposing system in whichcharacters are selected and arranged in words to form a line ofcomposition with the record being produced initially as a strip in whichthe words are uniformly spaced and the line is not justified but withthe strip carrying the proper information in the form of coded data toenable justification to be carried out.

It is an additional object to provide a novel photo- =cornposing methodin which characters are selected and arranged in the form of a line ofcomposition on an unjustificd record strip following which entire wordsare projected onto a final photographic film in justified form.

'It is a further object to provide such a system in which the recordstrip shows the line in exactly the form in which it will appear in thefinal film except that the words are uniformly spaced and not justified,thereby facilitating proof reading and the making of corrections.

It is another object to provide such a system in which such record stripis projected, a word at a time, on to a final film under the control ofthe coded data on the strip to produce a properly justified line on thefinal film.

'It is a further object to provide such a photocomposing apparatus inwhich words on a record strip are separated by word spaces, the spacesbeing marked, and in which such marks are used together with the codeddata to control the projection of entire words from the strip on to thefinal film with the proper spacing therebetween to accomplishjustification.

It is also an object to provide such a system in which a replaceablematrix disk bearing images of the characters also has data associatedwith each character which is indicative of the width of that characterand which is so coded that it can be used in determining the total widthof the characters in the line as required to accomplish justification.It is a still further object to provide such a system in which a' punchis used to form a perforation in the recordv strip and remains in theperforation during the composition of the line, the perforation thenserving to establish correct alignment of the strip in the formation ofthe final page film.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the accompanying drawings and the appendedclaims.

In the drawingsv FIG. 1 is a general diagrammaticrepresentation of 'thepart of the system, which embodies the character selection and whichresults in the production of an unjustified line of composition onarecord strip;

FIG. 2 shows a sector of the matrix disk; 1 7

PK}. 3 shows the photoelectric generators which .produce the timingpulses and the marker pulse;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the system used for illuminatingand photographing the characters;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing meansyfor 'produc ing characterimages of diiferent point size;

FIG. 6 is a detail showing the space code on the matrix disk with itsassociated photocell system;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the means used to produce the wordspace mark on the record strip;

PEG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the spacing counter;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the spacer for spacing the characters onthe record strip;

FIG. 10 is a view in section through the drum which controls the settingof the record strip showing the relationship of the punch and dietherewith;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing means for clamping the record stripduring the rewind operation;

FIG. 12 shows a portion of the completed record strip carrying a typicalline of composition together with the proper coded justifying data;

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic view of the part of the system which providesfor projecting entire words from the record strip on to the final filmin properly spaced and justified relation;

FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the shutter system of the mechanism shownin FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 illustrates the relationship of the shutter system and therecord strip during projection of a word; FIG. 16 is the detail of theshutter control system;

FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic view of the justifying computer;

FIG. 18 is an element of the counter reset system; and

FIG. 19 is a diagrammatic showing of the lens "drive.

The advantages of photographic type composition are widely recognized,especially for use in combination with printing methods which employplates made from a photographic film. Many methods have been describedfor the production ofsuch films directly from a keyboard by photographicmeans. Experience with these methods in practical operation has shownthat the production of finished page forms on film involves somedifficulties as compared with the more conventional methods using metaltype, or line-cast "slugs. These diifi'culties include the matter ofcorrecting or modifying the page forms, for the purpose of correctingerrors, incorporating changes, or varying line leading. When usingm'etaltype or slugs, individual lines may be removed from the forms andreplaced, or leading spaces may be inserted for these purposes, whilewith a completed film it is necessary to cut out line for correction"and to replace them with newly composed lines, which is 'a precise andtime-consuming operation, or to re-ph'ot'o'g'raph the film line-by-line,stopping to insert new matter where required.

In the present invention, lines are composed on a narrow record strip offilm 'or other photosensitive material in unjustified form. In this formthe individual words appear in the exact form and relationship :ofcharacters that they assume in the final page form so that the proof maybe read and the quality 'of'the work inspected before the lines areassembled into forms. This record strip is then rte-photographed on tothe final film, at which time justification is accomplished by exposingthe words, one at a time, and adjusting the space between them in theinterval between exposures. Prior to the re-photographing, changes maybe accomplished in any desiredmanner by the cutting and splicing of thenarrow record strip, by which means new lines may be inserted andunwanted lines may be removed. At the same time paging may be determinedafter all the lines are composed, and the leading of the lines in theindividual forms may be adjusted before the lines are assembled.

The setting up of lines in unjustified form also allows the greatestpossible flexibility in the matter of mixing sizes and styles of type inthe same line, or in the setting of special characters and the like. I

The present invention shows means for determining the necessary data forthe justification of the line, and for photographing it on the recordstrip in coded form for controlling the process of subsequent adjustmentof the word spaces for justification. It also shows means for punchingperforations in the record strip, using a punch and die, in which thepunch remains in place in the perforation during the process ofcomposition of the line in order to provide exact alignment and toassure proper spacing of the photographed characters, the perforationthen serving to establish the exact alignment of the strip during :there-photographing process. The same perforation also serves to establishthe alignment of lines during the process of splicing, and since thesplice does not occur on that portion of the strip subsequentlyrephotographed, it can be made rapidly in a simple and durable mannerwithout having any effect on the final page film, thus saving asubstantial amount of time in the overall processing.

Both the record strip and the final film as described herein may be madeof film such as high contrast photographic film but other photosensitivematerials may also be used and are intended to be included Whereverapplicable. Reference is likewise made to composition consisting ofwords and word spaces. Word spaces are understood to be those spaceswhich are subsequently adjusted for justifying purposes during therte-photographing process, and means are provided for the marking ofsuch spaces for the control of justification. Words are then understoodto be made up of all matter included between adjacent word spaces,whether characters, symbols or fixed spaces.

Cross reference is. made to applicants copending Patents No. 2,714,842and No. 2,714,843 both of which show photocomposing systems includingcertainelements and features which are also incorporated in the presentsystem. Reference is also made to the patent to Harrold and PritchardNo. 2,475,497 which shows a photocomposing system adapted to produce aline of composition in the form of a strip but without includingjustifying data.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Themachine is provided with a continuously rotatingdisk 10 in the form of a master stencil or the like carrying thecharacters as transparencies and arranged for continuous relativerotation with respect to a flashing light source of extremely shortduration. For purposes of illustration and as a preferred embodimentthis disk, a sector of which is shown in FIG. 2, is divided into anumber of zones each zones having a characteristic radial distance fromthe center of the disk. The first or outermost zone contains a pluralityof uniformly spaced radial lines 11, one line for each character on thedisk, called timing pulses. cumference of the disk the second zonecarries a single tranparent line 12 which will be called the markerpulse.- The third zone contains the characters 13 which in the preferredembodiment number 128 equally spaced around the circumference of thezone. The next five zones contain a series of dots 14, each dotcorresponding to one digit of a binary number which constitutes ameasure of the width of the associated character. Thus in each sector of$4 of a circle of the disk hereinafter identified Progressing inwardfrom the outer cir-' as a character sector, as bounded by the dottedlines 15, FIG. 2, there will be a characteristic pattern of dots whichepresses this binary number. A dot in the fourth zone may correspond toa 1 and the absence of a dot may correspond to a 0. Similarly in the5th, 6th, 7th and 8th zones the presence or absence of a dot willindicate a 1 or a 0 in the corresponding five-place binary number. Inthis manner any number from 1 to 32 may be represented inassociation'with each character, i.e., in the character sector of thatparticular character. It will be understood that for convenience ofrepresentation the figure is the reverse of the rotating disk as itactually is made in that the disk will have a black background where thefigure is white and will have transparencies where the figure has blackmarks. 'It will also be understood that in the actual machine the datain each of the different zones associated with a particular charactermay be and preferably are displaced so that it is not in radialalignment as indicated by the character sector lines in FIG. 2, suchangular displacement facilitating the positioning of the parts of thesystem which function in the selection, code reading, and projection ofthe selected character.

Cooperating with the timing pulses in zone 1 is an optical system asshown in FIG. 3. This consists of a lamp 20 having a single straightfilament. The image of this filament is focused by lens 21 in such a waythat it falls on the surface of the disk 10, a portion of which is shownin cross section. When a timing pulse mark corresponds with the positionof this projected image 'light passes through the transparency and fallson photocell 22 which is connected to amplifier 23, thus generating anelectric pulse. Cooperating with the marker pulse in zone 2 is anexactly similar system comprised of lamp 26, lens 27, photocell 28 andamplifier 29.

The characters in zone 3 are selectively illuminated and photographed bythe system shown in FIG. 4 where a segment of the disk 10 is shown. Anopaque mask 31 is held in close proximity of the disk and has in it arectangular opening 32 corresponding in size with the largest characterto be photographed. Along a line or optical path through this openingnormal to the disk is a controlled light source 33 which may be a sparkgap or other type of gas discharge device capable of emitting an intenselight for a very brief period, a condensing lens 35, a photographic lens36 and a strip of light sensitive film 40. The distance from thecharacter transparency to the lens 36 as related to the distance fromthe lens 36 to record strip 40 and to the focal length of lens 36 issuch that the image of the character transparency falls in a commonimage plane on the film or record strip. Lens 36 is one of a series oflenses of different focal length mounted in sliding block 37 which maybe moved to bring a selected lens into position to produce images on thefilm of varying size, thereby providing for varying the point size ofthe characters as projected on to the record strip 40.

Strip 40 passes from a storage spool 45 on to the drum 46, thence toanother storage spool 47 from which it is removed from time to time fordeveloping. Drum 46 is mounted on shaft 48 which is rotated by spacingmechanism 50. After each exposure of a character on strip 40 the stripis advanced in the image plane by an amount corresponding to the desiredset width of the character just exposed by means to be subsequentlydescribed in connection with spacing mechanism 50. During the operationof the machine the strip 40 is maintained in fixed relationship withdrum 46 for the duration of the composition of one line of composition.This is accomplished by means of a punch and die set which perforatesthe strip and is allowed to remain in place in the resulting perforationin strip 40 until completion of that line.

Cooperating with the space code dots in zones 4 to 8 inclusive are fivephotocells to 64 inclusive (FIG. 6). The gas discharge tube 65 and thecondensing lens 66 serve to illuminate an area covering asegrnent of thecharacter disk. The photocells 60 to 64 inclusive are arranged in aposition adjacent the disk and at radial distances from its center ofrotation equal to the radii of the respective zones occupied by thespace code dots. Between the lens 66 and the disk is a mask 67 having aslit 68 the angular width of which is not greater than that of acharacter sector of the disk 10 containing one set of space code dots.The lamp 65 is energized at the same instant that the light source 33 isenergized in photographing the selected character. At this instant acorresponding pattern of space code dots will be in register with theslit 68 and whichever ones of the photocells 60 to 64 correspond to dotsappearing in the slit will be energized.

It will be understood that of the previously described units whichcooperate with the various zones of the disk there will be a singletiming pulse mark corresponding to each character. Likewise there willbe a segment containing space code dots corresponding to each character.Since these marks are not actually in radial alignment with theircorresponding characters for reasons of me-' chanical convenience asalready described, it will be seen that the space code which correspondsto a given character will be that group of space code dots which appearsin the slit 68 at the same time that the character appears at theopening 32 and that similarly the timing pulse mark which corresponds toa given character will be that mark which coincides with the projectedimage of the lamp at the same time that the character appears at theopening.

CHARACTER SELECTION 'upon the actuation of one of the keys 75, 76, etc.If

beginning with the position of the marker pulse on the disk and countingpositions around the disk to the position of the selected character theselected position will be N then the number preset into counter 80 inorder to select that character will be 128-N. At the same time that thekey is depressed as also described in said copending application a pulseis generated which closes electronic switch 81. The next time the markerpulse 12 energizes photocell 28 a pulse passes through amplifier 29through switch 81 to close switch 82. The next following timing pulses11 appearing in photocell 22 and amplified through amplifier 23 thenpass through switch 82 into counter 80 where they are added to the countalready preset. The first of these pulses through 82 passes. throughline 83 and serves to open switch 81. Since the count preset intocounter 80 is 128-N, after N timing pulses have been counted counter 80will have reached a full count of 128. This being a seven-stage binarycounter the count of 128 constitutes a complete count, the counter willreturn to zero at this time and emit a pulse. This pulse travels throughline 81 and opens switch 82 thus stopping further counting into counter80. The same pulse traveling through line 85 passes to Spark ControlUnit 90 which actuates light source 33 causing the selected character tobe photographed and also passes to Space Control Unit 95 causing lightsource 65 to become illuminated and thereby causing to be energizedthose photocells of the group 60 to 64 inclusive which correspond to thedigit space code associated with the photographed character;

6 SPACE COMPUTER AND SPACE .MEMORY The space memory 116 and spacecomputer 102 are represented in FIG. 8. There is-a pulse generator at100, adapted to generate-electrical pulses at a rate "of approximately100,000 per second, for instance. The output of generator 100 is fedinto the input circuit of the space computer 102, which consists of 11binary stages included within the dotted lines, each stage beingrepresented by one of the circles shown. The first six stages comprisethe point set counter'103, the last '5 comprising the space code counter104.

Connected to the point set counter 103 is the point set control 110which causes the counter to be preset by its own output pulse so as toemit a pulse each time after it has counted a number of pulses equalto'the point set as measured in quarter points. Thus if the operatordesires to set type in 8% point set the counter will emit a pulse afterhaving counted pulses.

Connected to the space code counter 104 are the 5 photocells 60-64 whichare actuated by the space code on the matrix disk, on which are codedthe set width of the characters in 16ths of emspace (an emspace is thespace having a set width in points equal to the point set).

The space code counter 104 is set by the energizing of the associatedphotocells 60 to 64 so that it will emit a a pulse after having counteda number of pulses equal to the set width of the character in 16ths ofan emspace. This being a five digit code it is thus able to representany number from 1 to 32; correspondingly the space may be anything fromA of an emspace up to or 2 emspaccrs.

The space code counter 104 counts the output pulses of the point setcounter 103, so that it will give a pulse after the point set counterhas received a number of pulses equal to the product of the set width inquarter points and the space code in 16th ems. This product willrepresent the actual width of the character in 64th points. For example,suppose a character having a set width of emspace is beingphotographed'in 8 point set. Each time the point set counter 103 counts35 it will emit a pulse to the input of the' space code counter 104. thepoint set counter 103 will have counted 35 pulses 14 times over, or atotal of 14 35=490 pulses, and the space code counter 104 will then emita pulse. The output circuit of the space code counteris connected to thestop circuit of the pulse generator 100. The start circuit of the pulsegenerator is connected to the output circuit of selector counter whichalso controls the flashing of the character through light source 33, andthe flashing of the space code through light source 65 upon theappearance of a character in the photographing position following theactuation of a character key by the machine operator.

Thus, each time the operator depresses a key and a character is.photographed, the pulse generator is caused to emit a number of pulsesequal to the number of 64th points occupied by the character on thestrip 40, and since A; of a point is 6'4 picas (there being 12 points ina pica) this number is also the width of the character in V parts of apica;

Such part of a pica is too small a unit to be significant in spacingoperations so this number is divided by 6 to give spacing units in termsof /12g parts of a pica and this unit will hence forth be known asaspace unit. A pica is of an inch, so ,4 of a pica is ,6 of an inch, orapproximately 0.0013 inch (1.3 milliinches).

The output of pulse generator 100 is connected to the input of dividercounter 115, which is set to emit a pulse after each 6 pulses counted,and will therefore emit a number of pulses equal to the set Width ofeach character in space units. The remainder after each such numher iscounted remains in the divider counter between After 14 such pulses havebeen emitted 7 successive operations so that the rounding-oil error doesnot accumulate.

Thespace unit count from counter 115 is fed into the space memorycounter 116, consisting of 13 binary stages. Each of the first 8 stagesof this counter is connected to corresponding solenoids 120a through12011 of the spacer mechanism, shown generally at 56', while each of the13 stages is connected to a code lamp of bank 121 as shown at 122 forthe first and last stages only. Each solenoid 120 is energized when itsassociated counter stage reads and deenergized on a reading of 1. Eachlamp 122 bears a similar relationship to its associated counter stage.

The 13-stage memory counter 116 will have a full count of 2 or 8192space units, corresponding to a space of 64 picas. At the beginning ofthe line the last 6 stages of the counter are preset by line lengthcontrol 117 to a number equal to the complement of the length of theline in picas (64L where L is the line length in picas), and the first 7stages of the counter are preset to 0. The code lights, being energizedfor each 0 count will then read a total count corresponding to thedesired line length, this being the complement in space units of thecount preset into the counter.

As counts of space units are added to the counter they will besubtracted from the complement reading indicated by the code lamps sothat when the selection of the line of composition has been completed,the lamps will indicate the space remaining in the line after all thespace units occupied by photographed characters have been subtracted.This is the number which is to be recorded on the film for usesubsequently in the justifying operation.

For example, suppose a line length of 40 picas is desired. The counterwill be preset to 24 picas (64-40), giving a preset count of0,110,000,000,000, or in decimal numbers 3072 space units. The codelights will read 1,001,11l,l11,11l which is 39 picas-H27 space units, or5119 space units. Then suppose that 4500 space units of characters areset into the line. This will be added to the preset count.

and the lights will read which is the space remaining in the line forjustification. CHARACTER SPACING MECHANISM The spacer mechanism is shownin FIG. 9. The record strip drum shaft 48 has mounted on it a pulley130, and spiral spring 131 which urges the assembly in the direc tion ofthe arrow. Fastened to pulley 130 is one end of tape 132 which passesover floating pulley 133 to pulley 134, to which its other end isfastened. Pulley 134 is mounted on shaft-135 with gear 138 which engagespinion 140, which is carried on shaft 141 also carrying ratchet wheel142. Wheel 142 engages the escapement pawl 143 and is normallyrestrained from rotation thereby. The

tension of spring 131 passes through tape 132 and the escapementpawlwill permit wheel 14?. to rotate through /a a tooth angle, and theproportions of the various parts are so chosen that this motion resultsin the movement of the record strip 40 through 1 pica.

The remaining 7 solenoids, a to 120g inclusive, are connected to thefirst 7 stages of the space counter 116 in respective order. Each exertsa downward pull when energized, this poll being resisted through theseries of proportioning links -155 inclusive by the upward pull of tape132 exterted on pulley 133 which is carried on arm 152.

Each solenoid is provided with an adjustable stop, not shown, whichpermits its armature to be withdrawn rough a predetermined distance whendeenergized, and when each armature is deenergized the pulley 133 ispermitted to move upward, thus paying out an amount of tape, andpermitting a corresponding amount of spacing movement of drum 46. Thesevarious predetermined istances are adjusted so that each solenoid, whendeenergized, permits a spacing movement of that number of space unitsequal to that counted by its associated space counter stage, thesenumbers being shown on the various solenoids in FIG. 9. When eachsolenoid is reenergized it pulls the pulley 133 down through a similardistance causing a reverse spacing movement of the film drum 46. It willbe seen that the upward movement of pulley 133 will be the sum of allthe separate movements of the various solenoids when deenergized.

Thus it may be seen that the X128 solenoid 12lh accumulates anadditional space each time the associated counter stage receives acount, but that the smaller increments move only forward one space andthen back again on successive counts. Since the latter are energ zed onthe 0 count of the counter stage and deenergized on the 1 count, it willbe seen that the total space paid out by the 7 smaller spacers will bethe sum of those digits whose count is 1, and can never exceed 127 spaceunits, the sum of the first 7 digits of the counter. Thus the totalspace movement of the strip will be the sum of the total counts of the8th (x128) stage plus the current digits of the first 7 stages. Thiswill be seen to be equal to the sum of all the counts impressed on thespace counter, and when any number of space units is added, the stripwill be spaced forward an additional amount equal to that number.

For example, suppose the space counter reads initially as in the aboveexample and all solenoids are energized, so the space position of thefilm is also 0. Then suppose 95 space units are added ham-bl =95 spaceunits then let 45 more space units be added:

Memory 174, which is a five-stage binary counter.

If now 116 additional space units be added, the total will be Now nosolenoids are deenergized, but in reenergizing, the 8th stage solenoidhas paid out another 128 space units, giving a total of 256 units (or 2picas), accumulated by the ratchet spacer (256=140+l16). Since all othersolenoids are energized the total space of the 1st' seven stages is 0-.

RECORDING OF WORD SPACES FIG. 7 shows the detail of word space recorderindictated generally at 160, FIG. 1, whereby the word space code isphotographed on the record strip. A segment of record strip drum 46 isshown, and a section of record strip 44) is also shown, the letter Ashowing the location of the photographed character at the instant ofbeing photographed. Such means is indicated generally at 160, andincludes mask 161, masking a portion of the strip below the linenormally occupied by the photographed characters, the mask having slot162 therein whose position in angular relation to drum 46 is coincidentwith that of the character being photographed. When the operator wishesto indicate a word space, he operates the word space bar 165, and gasdischarge lamp 166 is caused to light momentarily, thus illuminatingslot 162 through prism 167 and exposing a similarly shaped area on strip40. The illumination is caused by the discharge of condenser 168 throughlamp 166 by means of a circuit completed through switch 170, actuatedfrom word space bar 165. Condenser 168 is recharged, after the switch isopened, through resistor 171 from power supply 172.

The pulse which results from the flashing of lamp 166 is fed throughcondenser 173 into Word Space Each stage of this counter is providedwith a display lamp (175-179) forming a part of data display 121,whereby the total number of word spaces is recorded on the strip at theend of each line. Similarly, a pulse is communicated to spacer 50,whereby solenoid 12Gb is actuated to cause a space to be insertedwithout changing the count recorded by space memory counter 116.

OPERATIONS PERFORMED AT END OF LINE When the operator has finished aline he actuates the "Begin Line Control 193, FIG. 1, thereby initiatinga sequence of operations by means of which the justification data isrecorded on the strip, and the system is made ready for the compositionof a new line of composition.

There are shown the gear wheel 133, engaged by the pinion 140, which asshown in FIG. 9 drives the escapement controlling the movement of thespacing system. Solenoid 130 is adapted to disengage gear 138 from itsengagement with pinion 140, for which purpose gear 138 is splined andslidably mounted on shaft 135, and held engaged by shifting fork 181,coupled to solenoid 180. It is noted that the number of teeth on pinion140 is equal to the number of teeth on escape wheel 142, so thatdisengagement and subsequent reengagement of pinion 140 will not causeany alteration in the fine measurement of the spacing positions of thespacing system. In other words, the disengagement of pinion 140,followed by relative movement of gear 138 and reengagement in adifferent relationship will result in a new spacing alignment of thespacer which is modified by some integral number of picas. When gear 138is disengaged from pinion 140 it is caused to engage pinion 182 which ismounted on shaft 183, to which is connected rewind motor 185, and isadapted to be engaged with gear 138 by the action of solenoid 180,operating through shifting fork 181.

FIG. 10 illustrates the means for operatingpunch and die set 55 and forclamping of strip 40 during the rewind operation. There is shown incross section, shaft 48, carrying record strip drum 46, on which ismounted a punch 190, carried on bracket 191 by leaf spring 192. Die 193is integrally formed with the record drum 46,

and isaligned with punch 190-. Shaft 48 has a central axial hole 195,through which passes flexible cable 196, connected tosolenoid 197. Cable196 passes through hole 195, bending over the smoothed end of the holeto engage the arm 192 ofpunch 190, so that when solenoid 197 isenergized, punch 190 enters die 193.. Strip 40 being in its placerelative to drum 46 will then be pierced by punch 55 to form thelocating perforation 200. Lever 202 is fixedly mounted at the extreme oftravel of the punch 190 in such a position that when the solenoid 203 isenergized the lever engages the spring arm 192 of punch 190, thusstripping it from the perforation in the film, in which position itremains because of the tension of spring a'rm 192 until solenoid 197 isenergized to punch a new hole.

FIG. 11 shows clamp 205, which is of the well-known ice-tongsconfiguration. It carries smooth jaws 206, between which strip 40 movesafter leaving drum 46, and before reaching take-up spool 47. Tongs 205are actuated by solenoid 207 and when the solenoid is ener-.

gized the strip 46 is clamped between the jaws 206 and restrained frommovement.

During the operation of the machine these various parts are actuated inpredetermined sequence as described below by the Begin Line Control(198, FIG. 1). T he details are not shown by which this operation andsequence are controlled, but such sequential operation is common in theoperation of automatic machinery and is understood by those skilled inthe engineering art.

At the beginning of a line solenoid 197 is energized and remainsenergized throughout the composition of a complete line of type matter.Thus punch and die set 55 is caused to form a perforation in strip 40,and the punch 190 remains in the perforation and in the die 193 duringthe composition of a line, thus exactly maintaining the fixedrelationship of strip 40 and drum 46 throughout this period, and thusmaking assured exac't spacing relationships of the various letters andat the same time providing a perforation which can serve as a key foraccurately aligning the record strip during subsequent operations ofrephotographing of the individual words into a justified line.

When the operation of the Be-gin Line Control 198 at the end of a lineof composition, the following sequence is initiated: Solenoid isenergized, thus engaging rewind motor with the spacer, and disengagingthe spaced escapement. Motor 185 remains unene-rgized, so that the wholesystem is allowed to move forward under the force of spring 131 (FIG. 9)to a stop, marking the limit of the forward travel of the system. Duringthis period of forward travel, motor 185 may be suitably energized toform an electric brake, so as to prevent a too-rapid movement of thesystem under the force of the spring 131. p

When the system moves to the forward stop, that unexposed portion of thestrip between the punch and die set 55 and the first letter of the lineis then in focus with lens 210' and display unit 121. At this time bymeans of solenoid 211 coupled to a shutter mounted on lens 210 (FIG. 1),the code display 121 is photographed in strip 40, thus marking on it"the necessary inform-aand the film).

tion to enable the line to be subsequently justified. At this sameposition solenoid 207 is energized, thus clamping the record strip,solenoid 197 is deenergized, thus releasing punch 190, and solenoid 203is momentarily energized, thus stripping punch 190 from the perforationin strip 40. At this time rewind motor 185 is energized, rewinding drum46 to the backward stop, corresponding with the beginning of the lineposition. When the system reaches this position, motor 185 isdeenergized, solenoid 180 is deenergized, thus reengaging pinion 140,and disengaging pinion 182. During this rewinding process, strip 40 hasremained clamped and does not therefore move backward with drum 46. Forthis reason a fresh length of record strip will be at this time in theoperating position. At this time solenoid 197 is energized, thuspunching a new perforation, and solenoid 207 is deenergized, unclampingthe strip and leaving the system in condition to photograph a new lineof matter.

DESCRIPTION OF RECORD STRIP FIG. 12 shows the final result of thephotographing of an unjustified line of text on the record stripaccording to the process described above. At 200 is the locatingperforation punched in the strip by the punch and die set 55. At 220 isthe representation of the various space codes displayed on indicator 121(FIG. 1). For convenience of representation there are shown twenty-fourdots in the group whereas it should be understood that in an actual lineof text only those dots would actually be present which correspond to anilluminated code digit in the display. Each word is shown at 221 as itwould appear in the final justified text, that is, with the finalspacing relationship between the letters thereof,

but the space between words is an arbitrarily chosen uniform value. Thecharacteristic mark 225 indicating the location of the word space isbelow the line occupied by the photographed letters.

PROJECTION OF ENTIRE WORDS FIG. 13 shows in diagrammatic form the meanswhereby the words photographed on strip 40 are rephotographed on a filmin justified form. Justification is accomplished by rephotographing oneword at a time from the strip 40 on to the film 230 which carries thecompleted page text (these will be known henceforth simply'as the stripBetween the photographing of successive words the space between words asprojected on the film is adjusted to effect the required justificationby means hereafter described. The lens 231 is designed and positioned sothat the image of the word from strip 40 is projected on to the film230. Flash lamp 234 is designed to illuminate the complete length of aline on the strip. Shutters which move in the plane 235 adjacent thestrip and between the strip and the lens 231 are arranged to uncover oneword at a time as described below in detail. Lens 231 is caused to movealong rails 236 by lens drive 237 operating through tape 238 carried bypulleys 239 and 240 in order to adjust the spacing between successivephotographed words, rails 236 being disposed parallel to strip .40. Itmay be understood that while the position of the image of any given wordon strip 40 as projected on film 230 may be altered by movement of lens231, such alteration may alternatively be accomplished by relativemovement of the strip and the film or any combination of such relativemovement as may be dictated by convenience.

FIG. 14 shows the arrangement of the shutters which are used to uncoverthe single words photographed on the strip. The shutter 245 consists ofa thin opaque ribbon which may be either of metal or plastic material,which as shown is wider on its forward than on its rearward end. Thisribbon is wound around two drums 246 and 247. The drum 247 is connectedto spring 248 which tends to rotate drum 247 in a clockwise direction asshown by the arrow and therefore tends to move shutter 245 from left torigh. This tendency is resisted by an electromagnetic brake shown at 250on the shaft 251of drum 246. Thus while the brake 250 is energized,thereby holding drum 246 stationary, shutter 245 is maintained intension and in fixed longitudinal position by the force on spring 248.When brake 250 is deenergized both drums are permitted to rotate andshutter 245 is permitted to move in the direction of the arrows. Shutter245 is located with respect to strip 40 so that the wide part of theshutter occupies the space between the strip 40 and the lens 231, thuspreventing the projection of the image on strip 40. The narrow part ofshutter 245 is removed from this region and does not obscure the imageas seen by the lens.

Shutter 255 is similarly mounted on drums 256 and 257 kept in tension byspring 258 and electromagnetic brake 260 on shaft 261 of drum 257.Shutter 255 has the difference, however, that it is narrow at theforward portion and wide on the rearward portion, the wide partobscuring the strip as above described. While the general view of FIG.14 is shown in exploded fashion for convenience of representation, theactual relationship of the two shutters is as shown in plan in FIG. 15,in which the two shutters are shown in such a position as to form awindow 265 which reveals one word at a time on strip 40.

Carried with shutter 245 is the photocell control unit shown in FIG. 16.This consists of lamp 270, prisms 271 and 272, and photocell 273. Filmstrip 40 is interposed between the prisms 271 and 272 so that itnormally interrupts the passage of light from lamp 270 to photocell 273.However, as shutter 245 is moved along the strip 413, the prisms 271 and272 move into register with one of the word space marks 225, at whichtime the light path from lamp 270 to photocell 273 is completed, thuscausing the energizing of photocell 273 which is caused to energizeelectromagnetic brake 256. The relative locations of the prisms 271,272, the shutter 255 and the word space marks 225 are so chosen thatwhen this occurs the shutter 245 will come to rest in the middle of aword space.

Referring to FIG. 14 there are shown two stop blocks 275 and 276 fixedrespectively to drums 257 and 246. The drums 246 and 257, although shownin exploded form, are actually mounted concentrically and in directlyadjacent positions, so that the blocks 275 and 276 ccoperate to preventdrum 257 from overrunning drum.

246. The positions of the blocks on the drums are so chosen with respectto the locations of the shutters 245 and 255 that the blocks come intocontact with one another in that position where the window 265 betweenshutters 245 and 255 is closed. Thus, if brake 260 be released whilebrake 25G remains energized, shutter 255 will be permitted to moveforward until the window is closed, at which time the blocks 275 and 276will touch, and will prevent further forward motion of shutter 255.

The sequence of operation of shutters 245 and 255 may now be described.Thus at the beginning of a line, both shutters will be at the left handextremity of their travel and the window between them will be closed.Brake 250 is then deenergized, allowing shutter 245 to move forward tothe end of the first word, at which point it stops by reenergizing ofbrake 250, as already described. After the first word is photographed,brake 260 is deenergized allowing shutter 255 to move forward, thusclosing the window. At this point brake 260 is reenergized and brake 250is deenergized to repeat the process.

Referring again to FIG. 13 there is shown the means whereby the codednumbers appearing on display 121 as photographed on strip 40 areregistered for the purpose of effecting justification. Strip 40 ismaintained in a predetermined position by locking pin 280 which fitsinto the perforation 200. Flash lamp 281 and condensing lens 252 arearranged to illuminate the coded area 220 on strip 40. The image at thisarea is projected through prism 283 and photographic lens 284 on to abank of photocells 285 including one photocell in corresponding positionto each of the code digits shown in 121 (FIG. 1).

Prior to the process of photographing each line, flash lamp 281 isflashed. There will be a transparent dot in the code area 220corresponding to each one of the code lamps of display 121 which happento be illuminated at the time of the photographing of the line of texton the strip, as described in connection with the process. Since thereis a photocell in bank 285 corresponding to each one of the lamps indisplay 121 it will be seen that for each illuminated lamp originallyphotographed there will be a corresponding photocell energized at thistime.

Referring to FIG. 18 there is shown a photocell 290, a thyratron 291,and a relay 292 having contacts 295. It will be seen that when photocell290 is energized by incident light, current will be caused to flowthrough relay coil 292, thus clos ng contacts 295 and that the circuitwill remain in this condition until the current source is interruptedeven after photocell 290 is no longer energized. Each of the photocellsin bank 285 is connected in a circuit sim lar to that shown.

The contacts 295 are connected to the individual stages of the variouscounters to control their resetting according'to the detailed circuitsfor electronic counters and means for causing such counters to be resetin such a way that they may be caused to emit an electrical pulse afterhaving counted any predeterm ned number of pulses have been described insaid previously filed applications and reference is made thereto for acomplete description.

The energizing of photocell 273, previously described in connection withthe shutter control system, when energized as described also initiatesthe sequence of justification operations which begins by the energizingof the lens drive 237. This causes lens 231 to move in such a way as toadjust the word space to the desired width to obtain ustification. Whenthis movement has reached the exact amount, the word is photographed bymeans of the flashing of lamp 234. Lens drive 237 is then deenergizedand the shutter sequence is reinstituted. The means whereby theseoperations are controlled in sequence are indicated generally in FIG.17, Justifying Sequence Control 296. This control is not described indetail, but such sequential operation controls are well known andunderstood.

The process of computing and adjust'ng the justified word space may nowbe described. In FIG. 17 there is shown at 300 an electronic countercalled Word Space Counter which is caused by. the coding mechanism abovedescribed, to emit a pulse each time it has counted a number of pulsesequal to the number of word spaces in a given line of text. Similarlythere is shown at 301 an electronic counter called Space Unit Counterthat is caused to emit a pulse after having counted a number of pulsesequal to the number of space units remaining in the line to be dividedinto word spaces.

Connected to the input circuits of both counters is a pulse generator302 which is caused to start generating pulses upon the energizing ofphotocell 303 and it is caused to stop generating pulses upon theemission of a pulse from counter 300, that is, after it has counted atnumber of pulses equal to the number of word spaces. adapted to energizephotocell 303 is lamp 305. Disk 306, having radial transparent slits308, is mounted on shaft 310, and the relation arrangement of the disk,lamp, and photocell is similar to that previously described inconnection with FIG. 3, with disk 10, slits 11, lamp 20 and photocell22. Thus each time one of the slits in disk 306 passes through thedescribed position, pulse generator 302 will be started and will emit anumber of pulses equal to the number of word spaces in the line and thenbe stopped as described. Shaft 310 is directly 14 connected with lensdrive 237 and rotates at such a ratio with the lens drive 237 (FIG. 13)as to cause one such event to occur each time lens 237 moves through adistance such as to cause a movement through one space unit of the wordimage projected on film 230.

Meanwhile the count of the number of pulses is being cumulated into theSpace Unit Counter 301. When the total number of pulses counted intocounter 301 becomes equal to the number of space units rema'ning in theline, lens 231 will have moved through a distance corresponding to onejustified word space. At this instant counter 300 will emit a pulsewhich will cause flash lamp 234 to flash, thus photographing the word inthe desired position. The same pulse initiates operat'on of thejustifying Sequence Control 296 by means of which at this instant thelens drive unit is stopped and magnetic brake 260 controlling shutter255 is deenergized, allowing shutter 255 to close the window as abovedescribed. Magnetic brake 250 is then briefly deenergized allowingshutter 245 to move forward, thus uncovering the following word as abovedescribed, at which time the lens drive unit is restarted and theprocess of justification repeated.

Lens drive 237 as shown in FIG. 19 incorporates output shaft 320 whichis connected to the drive system for lens 231. Shaft 320 is driven bydifferential 321, through which it is driven by drive shaft 310,carrying drive motor 323 and electric brake 324. Shaft 310 also drivesdisk 306 (FIG. 17). Shaft 320 is also driven through differential 321 byshaft 325 on which is mounted ratchet 326, actuated through pawl 327 bysolenoid 328. Upon the commencement of the justification operation themotor 323 is energized, to drive the lens as described. Solenoid 328 isalso energized under control of the Justifying Sequence Control, causingpawl 327 to step wheel 326 one step. This causes a counter rotation ofshaft 320 such as to cause lens 231 to move backward through a space,cancelling out the arbitrary fixed word space present on the recordstrip, allowing the justifying mechanism to insert a new space adjustedto the proper length for justification as described.

In this way it will be seen that the system controls the relativeadvance of the lens 231 with respect to the film as needed to locateeach word with the proper amount of word space to bring aboutjustification of the entire l'ne. Further details of this justifyingoperation, and a complete analysis of the principle of the system iscontained in said copending applications above referred to. Suitablemeans are also provided for advancing the film 230 at the end of eachline to accomplish leading.

The final product produced by the present system is in the form of afilm, or other photosensit ve record, on which the lines appear injustified form. The film may run as a continuous unit, or may be markedor cut into lengths corresponding to pages, by any suitable means. Insuch form it is available for use in lithographing or such other processof reproduction as may be desired.

While the method herein descr bed, and the form of apparatus forcarrying this method into eflect, constitutes a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limitedto this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may bemade in either w thout departing from the scope of the invention whichis defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a photographic image of ajustified line of composition compris ng a record strip and a film,means for reproducing on said record strip selected characters in groupsforming words separated by uniform word spaces to form an unjustifiedreadable line of composition suitable for photographic reproduction,means for counting the number of said work spaces contained in saidline, means for measuring the combined width in space units of the wordsin said line, means for subtracting said combined width from the desiredwidth of a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difference by said number of word spaces to determine thewidth of a justified word space, means for recording on said recordstrip data for justifying said line of composition, a first movableshutter adapted to cover portions of said record strip, a second movableshutter adapted to cover other portions of said record strip, means forintermittently moving said first shutter relative to said record stripto uncover successively each Word on said record strip, means forintermittently moving said sccnd shutter relative to said record stripto cover up after an interval each Word thus uncovered, means forprojecting a word image of each uncovered word from said record striponto film during said interval, and means controlled by saidrecordeddata for adjusting the relative positions of said record strip, saidfilm and said projecting means for regulating the spacing between saidword images to create a justified line of composition on said film.

2. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a photographic image of ajustified line of composition comprising a record strip and a film,means for reproducing on said record strip selected characters in groupsforming words separated by uniform word spaces to form an unjustifiedreadable line of composition suitable for photographic reproduction,means for counting the number of said word spaces contained in saidline, means for placing a mark on said strip at the location of eachsaid word space, means for measuring the combined width in space unitsof the words in said line, means for subtracting said combined Widthfrom the desired Width of a justified line of composition leaving adifference, means for dividing said difference by said number of wordspaces to determine the width of a justified word space, means forrecording on said record strip data for justifying said line ofcomposition, a first movable shutter adapted to cover said record strip,a second movable shutter adapted to cover said record strip, meanscontrolled by said location marks for moving said first shutter relativeto said record strip to uncover successively each Word on said recordstrip, means also controlled by said location marks for moving saidsecond shutter relative to record strip to cover up after an intervaleach word thus uncovered, means for projecting a Word image of eachuncovered word from said record strip onto said film during saidinterval, means controlled by said recorded data for adjusting therelative advance of said word images relative to said film to create ajustified line of composition.

3. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a photographic image of ajustified line of composition comprising a record strip and a film,means for reproducing on said record strip selected characters in groupsforming Words separated by uniform Word spaces to form an unjustifiedreadable line of composition suitable for photographic reproduction,means for counting the number of said word spaces contained in saidline, means for measuring the combinedwidth in space units of the wordsin said line, means for subtracting said combined width from the desiredwidth of a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difference by said number of word spaces to determine thewidth of a justified Word space, means for recording on said recordstrip data for justifying said line of composition, shutter meansadapted to cover all except a single word on said record strip, meansfor intermittently moving said shutter means relative to said recordstrip to uncover successively each Word on said record strip, means forprojecting a Word image of each uncovered word from said record striponto said film, means controlled by said recorded data for adjusting therelative advance of said Word images relative to said film for adjustingthe spacing between said Word images to create a justified line ofcomposition.

4. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a photographic image of ajustified line of composition comprising a record strip and a film,means for reproducing on said record strip selected characters in groupsforming words separated by uniform word spaces to form an unjustifiedreadable line of composition suitable for photographic reproduction,means for counting the number of said word spaces contained in saidline, means for placing a mark on said strip at the location of eachsaid Word space, means for measuring the combined width of the words insaid line, means for subtracting said combined Width from the desiredWidth of a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difference by said number of word spaces to determine theWidth of a justified Word space, means for recording on said recordstrip data for justifying said line of composition, s'nutter meansadapted to cover all except a single Word on said record strip, meanscontrolled by said location marks for intermittently moving said shuttermeans relative to said record strip to uncover successively each word onsaid record strip, means controlled by said location marks forintermittently moving said shutter means relative to said film to coverup each Word thus uncovered, means for projecting a word image of eachuncovered Word from said record strip onto said film, means controlledby said recorded data for adjusting the relative advance of said wordimages relative to said film for adjusting the spacing between said wordimages to create a justified line of composition.

5. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a photographic image of ajustified line of composition comprising a record strip and a film,means for reproducing on said record strip selected characters in groupsforming Words separated by uniform word spaces to form an unjustifiedreadable line of composition suitable for photographic reproduction,means for counting the number of said word spaces contained in saidline, means for placing a mark on said strip at the location of eachsaid word space, means for measuring the combined width of the words insaid line, means for subtracting said combined Width from the desiredWidth of a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difierence by said number of Word spaces to determine theWidth of a justified word space, means for recording on said recordstrip data for justifying said line of composition, shutter meansadapted to cover all except a single Word on said record strip, meanscontrolled by said location marks for intermittently moving said shuttermeans relative to said record strip to uncover successively each word onsaid record strip, means controlled by said location marks forintermittently moving said shutter means relative to said film to coverup after an interval each word thus uncovered, means for projecting aword image of each uncovered Word from said record strip onto said filmduring said interval, means controlled by said recorded data foradjusting the relative positions of said record strip, said film andsaid projecting means for adjusting the spacing between said word imagesto create a justified line of composition.

6. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a justified line ofcomposition on a light sensitive film from an unjustified line on arecord strip containing readable Word images suitable for photographicreproduction in association with recorded justifying data and word spacemarks comprising means responsive to the location of said word spacemarks for exposing entire Words from said strip one at a time, means forprojecting an optical image of each exposed word in succession onto saidfilm, and means controlled by said recorded justifying data forcontrolling the relative film advance between successive Words asprojected onto said film to accomplish justification. I

7. A photocomposing apparatus for producing a justified line ofcomposition on a light sensitive film from an unjustified line on arecord strip containing readable Word images suitable for photographicreproduction in 17 association with recorded justifying data and wordspace marks and having a location mark thereon in predetermined positionwith respect to each line of composition, comprising means controlled bysaid location mark on said strip for determining the proper spacerelation of each line of said strip with reference to said film, meansresponsive to the location of said word space marks for exposing entirewords from said strip one at a time, means for projecting an opticalimage of each exposed word in succession onto said film, and meanscontrolled by .said recorded justifying data for controlling therelative film advance between successive words as projected onto saidfilm to accomplish justification.

8. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces asran unjustified. line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of means for selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having difierent widths and arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, means including a counter fordetermining the width in space units of all of the characters in tuatedin response to selection of each said word space I for efiecting arelative advance of said record strip a uniform amount for each wordspace to form an unjustified readable line ofcomposition, and meanscontrolled by said determining means for recording on said record stripdata indicative of said number of space units' to be distributed amongthe word spaces for justifyingsaid line of composition. 7

9; In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of means. for selecting a lineof composition including characters having different widths and arrangedin words and separated by word spaces, means including a counter fordetermining the width in space units of all of the characters in theline, the number of word spaces, and the number of space units to bedistributed among the word spaces for justification, means controlled bysaid character selecting means for producing readable images suitablefor photographic reproduction of the selected characters one by one indesired sequence on a record strip, means also controlled in accordancewith the selection ofeach of said characters for effecting a relativeadvance of said record strip different amounts between the production ofimages of successive characters in accordance with the width of eachsaid character, means actuated in response to selection of each. saidword space for effecting a relative advance of said record strip auniform amount for each word space to form an unjustified readable lineof composition, means controlled by said determining means for recordingon said record strip data indicative of said number of space units to bedistributed. among. the word spaces for justifying said line ofcomposition, and means for marking on said record strip the'location ofeach word space.

10. In aphotocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces asan unjustified line of composition of arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afiim' in justified form, the combination of means for selecting a lineof composition including characters having different widths arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, means controlled by said characterselecting means for producing readable images suitable for photographicreproduction of the selected characters in desired sequence on a' recordstrip, means for effecting a relative advance of said record stripdifferent amounts between the production of images of successivecharacters in accordance with the width of each said character, meansfor effecting the relative advance of said record strip a uniform amountfor each word space to form an unjustified readable line of composition,meansfor recording data on said strip for justifying each line ofcomposition, means for projecting images of entire words one at a timefrom said record strip on to a photographic film, and means controlledby said recorded data for effecting relative movement of said wordimages with respect to said film by controlled amounts in order tojustify said line on said film.

ll. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition onarecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of means for selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different widths and arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, counter means for determining thewidth in space units of all of the characters in the line, the number ofword spaces, and the number of space units remaining for justification,means controlled by said character selecting means for producingreadable images suitable for photographic reproduction of the selectedcharacters in desired sequence on a record strip, means also controlledin accordance with the selection of each of said characters foreffecting a relative advance of said record strip different amountsbetween the production of images of successive characters in accordancewith the Width of each said character, means actuated in response toselection of each saidword space for effecting the relative advance ofsaid record strip a uniform amount for each word space, means controlledby said determining means for recording on said record strip data forjustifying said line of composition, means for marking on said recordstrip the location of each word space, means controlled by the positionof successive said marks for exposing entire words on said record stripand projecting images of said entire words one at a time onto aphotographic film in the form of a line of composition, and meanscontrolled by said recorded data for effecting a relative advance ofsaid film the proper amount between said projections of words to effectjustifi-cation of said line.

12. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm injustified form, the combination of means for selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different Widths and arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, counter means for determining thewidth in space units of all of the characters in the line,

the number of word spaces, and the number of space units remaining forjustification, means controlled by said character selecting means forproducing readable images suitable for photographic reproduction of theselected characters in desired sequence on a record strip, means alsocontrolled in accordance with the selection of each of said charactersfor effecting a relative advance of said record strip different amountsbetween the production of images of successive characters in accordancewith the width of each said character, means actuatedin response toselection of each said word space for effecting the relative advance ofsaid record strip a uniform amount for each word space, means controlledby said determining means for recording on said record 19 1 strip dataidentifying the space required between words to effect justification ofthe line, means for exposing entire words one at a time on said recordstrip and projecting an image thereof on to a photographic film, andmeans controlled by said recorded justifying data on said record stripfor effecting relative movement of said word images and said filmintermediate the projection of successive word images to accomplishjustification of the line.

- 13. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of means for selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different widths and arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, counter means for determining thewidth in space units of all of the characters in the line, the number ofword spaces, and the number of space units remaining for justification,means controlled by said character selecting means for producingreadable images suitable for photographic reproduction of the selectedcharacters in desired sequence on a record strip, means also controlledin accordance with the selection of each of said characters foreffecting the relative advance of said record strip different amountsbetween the production of imagesof successive characters in accordancewith the Width of each said character, means actuated in response toselection of each said word spacefor effecting relative advance of saidrecord strip a uniform amount for each word space, means controlled bysaid determining means for recording on said record strip dataidentifying the space required between Words to effect justification ofthe line, means for marking on said record strip the location of eachsaid word space, means controlled by said location mark for exposingentire words one at a time on said record strip and projecting an imagethereof on to a photographic film, and means controlled by said recordedjustifying data on said record strip for effecting relative movement ofsaid word images and said film intermediate the projection of successiveword images to accomplish justification of the line.

14. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of means for selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different widths and arranged inwords and separated by word spaces, counter means for determining thewidth in space units of all of the characters in the line, the number ofword spaces, and the number of space units to be distributed among theword spaces for justification, means controlled by said characterselecting means for producing readable images suitable for photographicreproduction of the selected characters one by one in desired sequenceon a record strip, means for effecting a relative advance of said recordstrip different amounts between the production of images of successivecharacters in accordance with the width of each said character, a pointset control for determining the point set of the characters in the line,means operated in accordance with said point set control for modifyingthe amount of said advance in accordance With-the desired point set, andmeans controlled by said counter means for recording on said recordstrip data identifying the space to be provided between words to effectjustification of the line.

15. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of a record strip and a film,means for producing on said record strip readable images suitable forphotographic reproduction of selected characters separated by uniformword spaces to form an unjustified line of composition, means forcounting the number of said word spaces, means for producing a mark onsaid strip at the location of each said word space, means for measuringthe combined width in space units of all the characters in the line,means for subtracting said combined width count from the desired widthcount of a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difference by said number of word spaces to determine theextent of a justified word space, means for recording on said recordstrip in association with each line of composition thereon data forjustifying said line, means controlled by said location marks forprojecting images of each entire word one at a time from said recordstrip onto said film, means for effecting arelative advance of said filmbetween projection of successive word images, and means controlled bysaid recorded data for adjusting the space between said word images toform a justified line of composition on said film.

16. In a photocomposing apparatus for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form, the combination of a continuously rotatingcharacter-bearing stencil, a record strip'and a film, means for flashingindividual characters during rotation of said stencil and spacing saidcharacters to produce on said record strip readable images suitable forphotographic reproduction of selected characters separated by uniformword spaces to form an unjustified line of composition, means forcounting the number of said word spaces, counter means for measuring thecombined width in space units of all the characters in said line, meansfor subtracting said combined Width count from the desired width countof a justified line of composition leaving a difference, means fordividing said difference by said number of word spaces to determine theextent of a justified word space, means for recording on said recordstrip in association with each line of composition thereon data forjustifying said line, means for projecting entire word images of eachsaid word one at a time from said record strip onto said film, means foreffecting a relative advance of said film between projection ofsuccessive images, and means controlled by said recorded data foradjusting the space between said word images to form a justified line ofcomposition on said film.

17. In a photocomposing method for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified readable line of compositionon a record strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefromonto a film in justified form which includes the steps of selecting aline of composition including characters having different widths andarranged in words separated by word spaces, determining the width of allof the characters in the line, the number of word spaces, and the spaceremaining for justification, producing readable images suitable forphotographic reproduction of the selected characters one by one indesired sequence on a record strip, effecting the relative advance ofthe record strip different amounts between the production of images ofsuccessive characters in accordance with the width of each character,efiecting the relative advance of the record strip a uniform amount foreach word space, and recording on said record strip in association withsaid line of composition data as determined in said determining step forcontrolling the amount of space to be distributed among the word spacesfor justifying said line of composition. a

18. In a photocomposing method for producing images of charactersarranged with word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographicreproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form which includes the steps of selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different widths and arranged inwords separated by word spaces,-

determining the width of all of the characters in the line, the numberof word spaces, and the space remaining for justification, producingreadable images suitable for photographic reproduction of the selectedcharacters in desired sequence on a record strip, effecting the relativeadvance of the record strip different amounts between the production ofimages of successive characters in accordance with the width of eachcharacter, effecting the relative advance of the record strip a uniformamount for each word space, recording on said record strip data asdetermined in said determining step for controlling the amount of spaceto be distributedamong the word spaces for justifying the line ofcomposition, and marking on the record strip the location of each wordspace.

19. In a photocomposing method for producing images of'charactersarranged with word spaces-as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form which includes the steps of selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having, different widths and arrangedin Words separated by word spaces, forming a position indication onarecord strip at a; predetermined point with respect to said line ofcomposition, producing readable images suitable for photographicreproduction of the selected characters in desired sequence on saidrecord strip beginning in predetermined relation to said positionindication, efiecting the relative advance of said record stripdifierent amounts between the production of images of successivecharacters in accordance with the width of each said character,effecting the relative advance of the record strip a uniform amount foreach word space, recording data on said strip for controlling the sizeof said word spaces to justify the line, projecting images of entirewords one at a time from said record strip on to a photographic film,and effecting relative movement of said Word images with respect to saidfilm by controlled amounts under control of said recorded data in orderto justify said line on said film.

20. In a photocornposing method for producing images of charactersarranged with Word spaces as an unjustified line of composition on arecord strip and adapted for photographic reproduction therefrom onto afilm in justified form which includes the steps of selecting a line ofcomposition including characters having different widths and arranged inwords separated by Word spaces, determining the width of all of theharacters in the line, the number of word spaces, and the spaceremaining for justification, producing readable images suitable forphotographic reproduction of the selected characters in desired sequenceon a record strip, efiecting the relative advance of the record stripdifferent amounts between the production of images of successivecharacters in accordance with the width of each character, effecting therelative ad vance of the record strip a uniform amount for each Wordspace to produce an unjustified line of composition on said recordstrip, recording on said record strip in association with said line ofcomposition data as determined in said determining step for justifyingsaid line of composition, projecting images of entire words one at atime from said record strip onto a film, and effecting relative advanceof said film between projection of successive words under control ofsaid recorded justifying data to produce a justified line of compositionon said film.

21. In photocomposiug apparatus the combination of a continuouslyrotatable character carrier having characters of differentwidths locatedin difiercnt angular positions thereon, digital code data on saidcarrier associated with each of said characters and indicative of therelative width thereof with respect to each other, a flashing lightsource mounled adjacent said character carrier and adapted to produce asubstantially instantaneous high intensity flash of light sufiicient toilluminate a selected one of said characters, means driving saidcharacter carrier for continuous movement with respect to said lightsource to bring said characters successively past said light source,

means cooperating with said light source to project successively theimages of selected characters along a common optical path, means formounting photosensitive ma terial for movement past said common path torecord the, projected character images in succession thereon,selectively intermittently operable spacing means arranged to producerelative spacing movement between said material mounting means and saidoptical path to produce spacing of the recorded characters on thematerial in accordance with their actual widths, selector meanscontrolling said light source and operable-to perform successiveilluminationsoj charactersin accordance with a predetermined order ofselection of characters to produce a line of composition, reading meanscooperating with said character carrier and operotive to read therelative width code data for each selected character at the timeof-projection of its image, and means responsive to the digital codedata read by said reading means and having an output-connection to saidspacing means to produce spacing-movement in accordance withthe-relative unit width of the-previously projected character image.

22. Apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein said spacing meansincludesa computer having an'input, connection fromsaid 'code reading means andafurther input variable in accordance with a selected pointsize for theprojected characters, said computer being arranged to produce a digitaloutput'varying in accordance with the product of unit width and pointsize for each selected character,zand' a transducer responsive to thevariable digital output 0) said computer torconlrol accordingly, the

'relative spacing movement for each previously projected characterimage.

23. In photocomposingapparatus the combination-,0 a continuouslyrotatable character carrier having characters of different widthslocated in difierent. angular positions thereonyindividualdigitalspacecode data on said 7 carrier in predetermined position with respect toeach of said characters and indicative ofthe relative width of theassociated character with respect to the other characters,

drive means connected to rotate said carrier continuously duringoperation ofsaid apparatus, a-flashing light'source mounted adjacentsaid character carrier and adapted to produce a substantiallyinstantaneous flash of light sulfcient to illuminate a selected one ofsaid characters and form a stationary image thereof, means cooperatingwith said light source to project successively the images of individualselected characters along a common optical path and to focus said imagesin a common image plane, means for mounting photosensitive material insaid common image plane to record the projected character images insuccession thereon, selector means, controlling said light source andoperable to perform successive illuminations of difierent characters inaccordance with a predetermined order of'selection of characters toproduce a line of composition, reading means cooperating with saidcharacter carrier to read the relative width code data for each selectedcharacter, spacing means operable to produce relative spacing movementbetween said material mounting means and said optical path to producespacing of the rccorded characters on the material in accordance withtheir actual widths, said spacing means including a computer having aninput connection from said reading means and a further input variable inaccordance with a selected point size of the projected characters, saidcomputer being operable to produce an output varying in accordance withthe product of unit width and point size for each selected character,and a spacing transducer rcsponsive to the variable output of saidcomputer to produce a corresponding variable spacing movement for eachpreviously projected character image.

24. In a system for photocomposing the combination of a charactercarrier having characters of difierenz widths located in diflerentpositions thereon, code data on said carrier associated with each ofsaid characters and indicative of the relative width thereof withrespect to each other, a selectively controlled light source mountedadjacent said character carrier and capable of producing flashes oflight illuminating selected ones of said characters in desiredsuccession, optical means cooperating with said light source to projectsuccessively the images of selected characters along a common opticalpath and to focus all said images in a common image plane, means formounting photosensitive material across said common path at said imageplane to record the projected character images in succession thereon,reading means cooperating with said character carrier to read therelative width code data for each selected character, a selectivelycontrolled pulse generator, a spacing computer including a point setcounter, means for presetting said point set counter to produce anoutput pulse after receiving a predetermined variable number of inputpulses, a space code counter connected to be preset by said readingmeans to produce an output pulse after receiving a variable number ofinput pulses in accordance with the relative space code for the selectedcharacter, circuit means connecting said point set and space codecounters to receive serially pulses from said generator and connected tostop said pulse generator with an o utput pulse from the last of saidcounters to receive pulses, means forming a connection to start saidpulse generator together with selection of each character, a spacememory counter having an input from said pulse generator and operable toaccumulate a count representafive of total space .allotted to eachcharacter image as determined by said spacing computer, and a spacingtransducer connected to followzsaid memory counter and operable toproduce spacing movement between said mounting means and said opticalpath for each character in accordance with the total space allottedthereto.

25. In a system for photocomposing the combination of a continuouslyrotatable character carrier having char.-

acters of different widths located in different positions thereon at acommon radius from the axis of rotation, code data on said carrier at adifferent common radius and associated with each of said charactersindicating the relative width thereof with respect to each other, aselectively controlled light source mounted adjacent said charactercarrier and capable of producing a flash of light sufficient toilluminate selected ones of said characters in desired succession andproduce stationary images thereof,

optical means cooperating with said light source to project successivelythe images of selected characters along a common optical path and tofocus all images in a common image plane, means for mountingphotosensitive material across said common path at said image plane torecord the projected character images in succession there- 24 on,reading means cooperating with said character carrier to read therelative width code data for a selected character at the time ofillumination thereof, a selectively controlled pulse generator, aspacing computer including 1 .a point set counter having an inputconnection from said pulse generator, means for presetting said pointset counter to produce an output pulse after receiving a predeterminedvariable number of input pulses, a space code .counter receiving theoutput pulses from said point set counter and connected to be preset bysaid reading means to produce an output pulse after receiving a variablenumber of input pulses from said point set counter in accordance withthe relative space code for the selected character, said space codecounter' being connected to stop said pulse generator with an outputpulse, means forming a connection to start said pulse generator togetherwith flashing. ofvsaid light source, a space, memory counter having aninput from said pulse generator and operable to accumulate a countrepresentative of .total space allotted to each character image as.determined by said spacing computer, and a spacing transducer connectedto follow said memory counter and operable to produce intermittentspacing movement between said mounting means and said optical path afterthe projection of each character image.

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